Human papillomavirus

1 July 2025

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is found exclusively in the basal layer of the skin, and its reproduction occurs in the upper layers.This disease is characteristic of its chronic form with periodic relapses.

Incubation period and development stages

The virus incubation period is different.This type of virus is characterized by a hidden current.The subclinical form of the course of the disease is characteristic of the appearance of discreet during a simple eruption examination that causes discomfort to the patient in the genital area.It can immediately infect with several varieties of papillomavirus.Under the influence of some factors, the virus is activated and its reproduction begins, and the disease enters the clinical manifestations period.In 90 % of cases in six months a year, self -care occurs, in some cases, a chronic recurring course can occur with a high probability of malignancy (depending on the type of virus).The disease proceeds in four stages (stages):

STAGE 1 (INITIAL) - LATER COURSE OF PAPILLOMA INFECTION.The virus is in the body, but does not appear, does not cause transformation into the cells.At this stage, it can be identified by the analysis of the PCR;

2 - Clinical signs arise - in the form of skin growth.The virus causes an accelerated division of epidermal cells.At this stage, the virus is detected during the PCR, cytology and histology (detected by the presence of hyperkeratosis);

3 - dysplasia.The structure of the cells (colocitosis) changes: this is visible under a microscope, since the DNA of the virus begins to interact with DNA cells and causes the development of the integrated form of SO.For diagnosis, PCR, cytology and histology methods are used, as well as colposcopy;

Stage 4 - Carcinoma.The development of the virus causes the mutation of the cells and the appearance of malignant cells.Invasive cancer is formed.The diagnosis occurs in all previous methods and in clinical manifestations.

HPV types

They are determined that more than one hundred types of HPV infect the urogenetal tract of a person that affects the epithelium of the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs: 35 species.For all types of HPV, a classification based on the types of manifestation, rashes and other skin manifestations is used.Dipping VPV with a description looks like this:

Different types of warts for their appearance, the type of HPV type 1-5 is responsible;
Subanary Warts (They look like a corn) -1-4 Types of HPV.In general, they are formed in those places where calluses or compression occur.In such places, the skin becomes thicker and when pressing it causes unpleasant sensations.These warts are not passed and need surgical elimination.There are two subspecies of plantar warts.A species sprouts deeply in the fabric and hurts a lot, the other guy resembles multiple growth, as if they were glued to each other;This type of warts almost does not bring a feeling of pain.
FLAS VERVILLAS - 3, 5, 10, 28, 49 types.Very often, the palms, the face are surprising.They are usually found in young people and because of this, this type of wart is called youth.The body often faces this infection;
Ordinary Warts - 27 Type of HPV;
Vulgar Warts: Type 2 virus (as a rule, the body itself faces this type of virus).It is transmitted to the domestic form;

The spicy warts that affect the vagina, the vulva, the genitals, the cervix, the uterine, the anus, in men they can be in the head of the penis, in the skin of the foreskin, its location in the respiratory tract is also found - types 6, 11, 16, 16.18, 33, 35;
HPV Highly Oncogenic Risk, causing a precacertical condition - 39 type;
The founded epidermodisplasia is located.It can be of two types: called HPV 5, 8, 47 - for skin cancer in 9 cases of 10, this virus is in the patient's blood, another type caused by HPV 14, 20, 21, 25 generally causes benign neoplasms;
Papillomatosis of larynx - Type 11 virus. Usually, it is transmitted from mother to child, but it is possible to infect with oral sex.It causes difficulties with the swallowing of hoarse voice, if the amount of papilloma is large, breathing worsens;
Bowenoid Papulez.This species is caused 16, sometimes 18, 31-35, 42, 48, 51-54 with HPV types.Most of the time, representatives of the male half that many sexual partners have.Externally, these formations seem semicircular growth or planes with a smooth or rough surface, the color is different, from completely light to almost black.The disease can go on its own, it is a type of neo -info virus.

Symptoms and details of HPV in men, women and children

To overcome infection in the early stages, human immunity is quite strong.Most of the time, the disease does not develop and a person does not even suspect the presence of HPV, since external symptoms may not appear.But after a while (months or years), some signs of HPV infection may occur.Statistics indicate only 5-10 % of those with external HPV symptoms (human papilloma).The disease proceeds asymptomatic: most of the patients have no signs of the disease.When activating the virus, growth of various types that talk about the presence of various types in the body can occur.Location places also talk about the type of virus.For example, papillomas have the shape of smooth and elongated growth (thread warts) that are bound to the leg, color may not differ from skin color, but it is also pigmented.Balch -shaped growth may appear, soft to the pink touch.

In women, the details of the disease course are such that the development of the disease can occur in a hidden way, but sometimes it causes the formation of genital papillomas.Having infected with the virus, a woman may not observe any symptoms until the beginning of menopause, at this time the virus can cause the malignant of the mucous membrane cells of the genital organs.To prevent the development of cervical cancer caused by the presence of HPV, the medical regular exam will help.Since externally this disease may not manifest itself.In children, under the influence of the virus, the warts in the skin, Papillomatosis of the larynx can be developed (usually in chronic return).Papillomatosis of larynx causes respiratory problems, even asphyxiation syndrome.Skin warts are present in 12 % of schoolchildren, this is the most common dermatological disease in children.

HPV and pregnancy

HPV in a pregnant woman is not the most dangerous disease for herself and for the unborn child.The future mother should only be cautious if she has found 6 or 11 of VPV type (causing genital or anal condylomas), which, when transmitted to the newborn, can have consequences in the form of respiratory papillomatosis.In the presence of a condil in such quantity or places that interfere with the expulsion of the fetus, it is possible to prescribe caesarean section, since during ordinary delivery, the condyloma can cause the development of bleeding.All other forms of papilloma (non -standards injuries) are not hydratic for the child himself and the course of pregnancy.

Diagnoses and whom you need to contact

The following research methods are used to diagnose papillomavirus:

personal patient exam;
blood test;
Colposcopy;
SMEAR-PAPA TSYTOLOGY TEST;
Tissue histology;
PCR is a polymerase chain reaction.This analysis allows not only to learn about the presence of a virus, but also determine its type.But if the analysis is positive, this does not mean that this type of HPV will not pass for itself.This analysis also determines all types of papillomavirus;
urethroscopy;
biopsy.

If there are no external signs in the form of eruption, the patient has no complaints, and the presence of HPV DNA is determined only by analysis: it can come from transient viral infection (a person is a bearer).Due to the fact that HPV can be the cause of diseases of different organs, if there are, doctors from several directions.In the presence of warts on the skin of the face and body, they turn to a dermatologist.With plantar warts, a dermatologist or surgeon.With condylomas in men, the urologist (surgeon), for women, the gynecologist (surgeon).If the condylomas are present in the anus area, then you must communicate with a prostologist.If an epidisphellia of Verruga is suspected, then to a dermatologist or oncologist.Laryingeal papillomatosis requires an appeal to an otolaryngologist or surgeon, benoid papulosis: it must communicate with a urologist or veneraologist.A differential diagnosis is also required with diseases such as micropapylomatosis, vestibular papillomatosis, unlike HPV, do not require treatment, since with the similarity of external signs they are a variant of the anatomical norm.Decipher the normative values of blood analysis will be displayed by the absence of HPV.

Treatment

So, is it completely treated by HPV or not?Today, a single antiviral medication is not known that can eliminate HPV from the body.Different interferons and other medications in this series, only reduce existing condylomas, but do not reduce the frequency of the new ones.The main treatment method is the elimination of papillomas.The main elimination methods are as follows:

surgical.It is performed under local anesthesia;
Surgical radioA tumor is cut with a radio wave electrode, the vessels coagulate.After an antiseptic bandage;
laser.This method is without contact and without blood.A crust remains in the place of extraction, underneath, healing occurs.The disadvantage of the method is the high risk of relapse of the disease, a relatively high price and the need to grind the remaining scars;
Electrocoagulation.According to the results and effectiveness, it is similar to the two previous forms;
Cryocoagulation.The complete elimination of papillomas occurs after several sessions.

Although with the help of these methods, the external manifestations of the virus are completely eliminated, this is not considered an absolute elimination of the infection, but only relative, since a person is still a virus bearer, and after a period of the wart can occur again.There is no universal method of inoperative treatment for all patient categories (men, women and children).Only laser elimination can be considered an alternative.But when applying it, there is a risk of malignancy (malignancy) of papillomas.After the operation, the patient is prescribed by the infusion of a dose of steroid drug, which prevents swelling, and antibiotics are also prescribed to avoid wound infection.During therapy, HPV must completely stop sexual life to a complete cure, as well as perform an exam and, if necessary, a treatment, a couple.

Home treatment and popular remedies

In addition to traditional treatment methods, use others that are officially recognized as medicine and that can be carried out at home:

Wart processing with salicylic acid.Every day, warts should be treated with an acid solution (15-20%).This method has an inconvenience: the processing must be done for a long time;
Cream processing.They are lubricated with warts three times a week.But when used, it is possible to feel itching, erosion, skin redness is possible;
Cream -shaped retinoids.They process warts for 12 weeks.Its use is also prohibited during pregnancy;
Injection into the infection approach once every 7 days, within three to four weeks. Use is prohibited during pregnancy;
Cauterizing warts, papillomas and destroy pathogen microbes.The wart must be constantly processed within an hour.A break is then held for a week and the processing is carried out.If the papilloma does not disappear, after 14 days another processing is carried out, and no more than 4 procedures.It is forbidden to use in senile and pediatrics warts;

If we talk about treatment with purely popular remedies, then the use of Celandine has gained great popularity.His juice is treated with a wart several times a day.When darkening, the dark skin is removed and continues to stain even more until the wart is completely removed.

Disease prevention

The main prevention measures are considered:

compliance with personal hygiene in public places;
Compliance with a healthy lifestyle, maintaining immunity;
A permanent sexual couple, in sexual relations with an un verified couple: use a condom;
enough vitamin intake;
To lead sex not before 18, when the cervical mucosa is already mature and can protect;
Avoid the artificial termination of pregnancy and rude sex;
Over time, treat inflammatory diseases.

During vaccination, sometimes some side effects can be observed in the form of deterioration, fever, skin redness in the place of introduction of the vaccine.